On Zambia's Copperbelt, copper runs in the veins of every town,
overshadowed by the Black Mountains - towering slag dumps that look like
slumbering beasts. Their rugged slopes tell tales of both prosperity and ruin.
Theophilus Ngoma, a self-proclaimed small-scale mining magnate, wielded an iron
fist, choking the region’s richest resource. His most profitable venture
involved purchasing stolen copper cables, cathodes, and ores - basically
anything bearing copper’s name - and selling them to eager buyers. Rumors
swirled that he didn’t merely buy the loot but masterminded the thefts himself,
orchestrating daring heists with ruthless precision especially in storage facilities
and from moving trucks.
His enemies spat "Jerabo," a slur for subsistence
miners, while his allies hailed him "Commander One." Politicians,
depending on their needs, skillfully bestowed titles to coax favours from him.
It enterprise was
There were some rumours that some politicians actually engaged him
to do much of their bidding, and some police officers were on his payroll.
No one dared work the copper slag dumps of the Black Mountains
without his nod.
Theophilus's tactics, raw violence without any cloaked, kept
smaller cooperatives and independent prospectors trembling. Like a mafia don,
he enforced his rules with fists and fear, guarding his territory against
rivals.
His every decision sent tremors through Kitwe’s markets and the
lives tethered to them. Theophilus was a menace because of his full awareness
that everyone feared him. He would even park his vehicle on the middle of the
road whenever he felt like it.
Yet, after the government changed in August
2021, Theophilus grew eerily quiet. His company’s pace slowed, and
whispers hinted he was chasing ventures across the border in the
DRC.
This is because, in 2018, the government had ceded a 10% stake in
the Black Mountain, once held by ZCCM-IH, to Jerabos. They called it youth
empowerment and claimed that this decision had an opportunity to employ many
youths who already relied on the slug. However, it mainly fortified men
like Theophilus, legitimizing what was once illegal.
Since this was viewed as a politically motivated move, there was
uncertainty when the political party in government changed.
Enter Lloyd Mukuka, a skilled but stubborn prospector who felt the
shift as opportunity. Wherever he has worked, he traced the mine’s layout
in a battered notebook, a habit learned from his father.
His small crew had scratched out a living on modest claims, but
rumours of a rich vein in the Chingola slag heaps ignited his pugilistic ambition.
At their cramped home, his wife, Julia, clutched his arm, her eyes wet with dread.
“Theophilus Ngoma’s silence isn’t retreat, Lloyd,” she
warned, her voice low. “My cousin crossed him years ago. They found him
murdered in a ditch. This is a trap. The perpetrators have never been
caught, but there's no doubt who was responsible."
Lloyd set the ore down, his hands unsteady. “This vein
could free us, Julia. Lesa tapela,
atambika fye.”
Lloyd, fueled by a new drilling technique and memories of his
father’s lost claims to Theophilus' empire, shook her off.
“This vein could change everything for us,” he said, his voice firm but his hands
trembling. “Theophilus is distracted. I won’t let fear steal our
future. My father lost everything due to fear of taking chances. I won’t let
fear steal our chance.”
She shook her head in disagreement, her braid casting a show on the wall. “It’s not fear. It's survival. It is praiseworthy to be brave and fearless, but sometimes it is better to be a coward.”
Ignoring Julia’s pleas, he led his crew to a contested edge of
Chingola, near Chililabombwe, where the Black Mountain’s shadow stretched long.
Kunda Mapushi, a junior geologist from the Ministry of Mines and Mineral Development,
had tipped him off about the vein. Lloyd had met Kunda at a mining meeting,
where the young man’s sharp mind was overshadowed by his bitterness of wanting
to have a share of Theophilus's cake.
Days into drilling, the air thick with dust and the whine of
machinery, Lloyd noticed signs of trouble: a slashed tire on their truck,
footprints near the rig at dawn. He brushed them off, focusing on the glint of
ore in his samples. His crew worked fast, their drills unearthing traces of the
vein he had dreamed of. But at dusk, engines rumbled beyond the ridge. A black
Toyota Landcruiser idled, its tinted windows glinting like a predator’s eyes.
Theophilus emerged, flanked by a security detail, their rifles
catching the fading light. His polished military-styled boots crunched the
slag, camouflaging with the black dust-covered surroundings. Among them stood
Chilufya, a former employee Lloyd had fired for skimming funds. Betrayal hung
heavy in the air.
“Ba Mukuka,” Theophilus said, his voice smooth but sharp, “you’re digging in
my mountain. You thought I wouldn't know? You are too young and too dumb if you
think you can steal from me.”
Lloyd squared his shoulders, sweat beading his brow. He uttered
the f-word twice, once sotto voce and once quite loudly and clearly.
“This is my find, Commander.”
Theophilus stepped closer, his presence heavy as the slag around
them. “Join my operation, and I’ll let you keep a sliver. Refuse, and you’ll
lose more than dirt.”
A spanner clattered as one of Theophilus’s men shifted, a warning.
Lloyd’s heart pounded, Julia’s words echoing: It’s a trap. He glanced at
Chilufya, whose smirk confirmed the betrayal.
“Yashani iyi nomba, yama? This claim is mine. I left Kitwe for
you,” Lloyd said, his voice
steady despite the fear.
Theophilus’s eyes narrowed. “This mountain has buried many of bold people.”
His men surged forward, seizing the rig in a swift, merciless
sweep. Lloyd resisted, but a rifle butt struck his temple. He crumpled, and the
crew scattered into the dusk. The next morning, Julia searched the site,
finding only Lloyd’s broken drill bit, its edge stained with blood. He was
never seen again.
Theophilus, unable to integrate Lloyd’s specialized equipment
immediately, summoned Kunda Mapushi to his office overlooking President Avenue.
The air was thick with cigar smoke. “Oversee this acquisition,” Theophilus
ordered. “Ensure a smooth transfer. I’ll reward you when I return from
Likasi in the DRC.”
Kunda nodded, but his eyes glinted with mischief. He’d long
resented Theophilus and he also felt that his expertise was undervalued at the
Ministry. At the Kalulushi site, he spotted small pockets of copper ore, too
minor for Ngoma Mining’s sprawl but lucrative for a side deal. Late at night,
he loaded a few tons into a truck, his pulse racing as a guard’s flashlight
swept the yard. He delivered the ore to a Chinese buyer, pocketing the cash but
glancing over his shoulder, half-expecting Theophilus’s enforcers.
When Theophilus returned, he noticed a shortfall in the output
reports. His roar shook the office. “I think I have been robbed. Who dared
tamper with my acquisitions?” he demanded, pinning Kunda with a stare.
Kunda, quick-witted, replied, “The Chingola deposits were
overhyped, Commander. Ask the local prospectors, they’ll tell you the vein was
weak.”
Theophilus sent men to The Space Platinum, where miners gathered
to mourn Lloyd. An elderly prospector, his face weathered by dust and sun,
spoke. “Lloyd was brave but foolish. The copper was small, not worth
the risk.”
Kunda, standing beside Theophilus, shrugged smugly. “See?
I told you, those pockets were nothing.” Theophilus nodded, but his
jaw tightened, a flicker of doubt in his eyes.
Weeks later, a young prospector arrived at the Black Mountain
after getting a loan from the CEEC, his tools gleaming with naive ambition.
Theophilus’s men watched from a ridge in an idling Ford Ranger. At a community
meeting in Wusakile, Julia listened as a politician praised “Black Mountain
Youth Empowerment Programme,” promising more stakes for people if they vote
for him. The room was silent, people exchanging wary glances. Julia clutched
Lloyd’s notebook, its sketches a reminder of dreams crushed under the
mountain’s shadow.
Epilogue
Unbridled power that most Jerabos have, often bolstered by corruption, has crushed many individual ambition and justice. Despite initial appearances of opportunity, challenging an entrenched, Jerabos has led many to ruin. Furthermore, seemingly beneficial moves, like "youth empowerment programmes," can be co-opted to legitimize and strengthen existing illicit power structures, highlighting how easily systems can be manipulated to serve the powerful rather than the people. Supporting locals to effectively participate in mining, government needs to deliberately provide training programs, easy access to equipment and create fair market opportunities tailored to their skills and needs. We should also frame challenges with subsistence miners and Jerabos as opportunities for growth, reinforcing a belief in their ability to succeed with the right resources and in a legal framework. This way we can avoid child labour in mining, unsafe mining methods and actually empower youths.